When ocean acidification happens, carbon dioxide goes into the water and mixes with it causing a reaction that makes the ocean more acidic. This reaction happens every time carbon dioxide goes into the water.
When we made disappearing ink out of phenolphthalein, ethanol, distilled water, and NaOH, the reaction of carbon dioxide in the water, happened. After adding the first three ingredients, the disappearing ink turned a milky white, then we added NaOH. NaOH is a base chemical and phenolphthalein becomes red when a base chemical is added to it. The milky white then turned to dark red. When NaOH was added it separated into Na+ and OH-. OH- then mixes with H2o+(water) and it becomes water. Because of that all of the OH-’s in the water are gone. H2o is H+ which is an acid and OH- which is a base. Then carbon dioxide comes into the water and mixes with the H2o and the whole process of it breaking down happens and it release hydrogen ions. That whole thing continuous and disappearing ink becomes clear, causing it to look like it's disappearing. The process of the carbon dioxide going into the water is what happens in ocean acidification and doing it in a lab shows that carbon dioxide will continue to go in the water and make even more acidic.
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Ocean acidification happens when carbon in the atmosphere goes into the water and mixes with it causing the ocean to become more acidic. Acidity is measured by pH. It is on a scale from 0-14. When pH is 0 it is highly acidic, when the pH is 14 it is highly alkaline. When you increase acidity the pH drops and when you increase alkalinity the pH goes up. The pH scale is logarithmic meaning that instead of going up by 1 it is going up by x10. The higher the pH the is more it hurts the ocean. It hurts sea plants and sea animals. It can also be called ocean bleaching.
When carbon goes into the ocean it mixes with H2O and creates Carbonic Acid, the carbonic acid then loses one of its hydrogen ions and becomes bicarbonate, bicarbonate does the same thing and turns into a carbonate ion. The hydrogen ions that were released then start floating around the ocean and hydrogen ions raise the pH. That causes ocean acidification. There is a lot of carbon in the atmosphere and 30-40% goes into the ocean. That is almost half of the carbon. Ocean acidification hurts a lot of animals and plants and can also hurt us. The earth is made up of 4 layers. The inner core, the outer core, the mantle, and the crust. We are on the crust.
The inner core is very hot and has high pressure. It is solid and is mostly made up of Iron and Nickel. The outer core is also very hot but it has less pressure than the inner core. It is also made up of Iron and Nickel but it is liquid not solid. The mantle is liquid like the outer core but it is a very thick liquid. It is mostly made up of silicates. A glass chemical. The silicate is liquid and floats around the mantle untill meeting a chemical causing it to turn solid and rise to the crust. The crust is made up of biosphere. Everything that is living. It is also made up of solid silicates that have come from the mantle. In our experiment we created rocks by putting liquid silicotes, disttilied water (water with no iones), and a chemical (chlorine). They were mixed together and then we waited as a small crystal grew. It is very sharp, like glass, because of the silicote. After the water was poured out, we could see the crystal very clearly. buoyancy- density- pressure. How it relates to floating candles.
Gas molecules unlike solid and liquid molecules are very energetic. Both solid and liquid molecules are all close together but gas molecules go all over the place. Adding temperature or pressure will change the gas molecules. For example in class we made floating candles. The candles at the bottom of the balloon made the gas molecules in the balloon more energetic causing the balloon to rise and float. First we glued four pieces of wood together to create a plus sign then we split 4 candles in half and attached them on the wood. After that we added a plastic bag on the top and lit the candles causing the plastic bag to inflate like a balloon and rise. This happened because the gas molecules were very energetic and moved around letting the plastic bag stay inflated. We also learned about density. Density equals mass over volume. Changing the volume changes how dense it is. Increasing the volume cause the object to become less dense. Less dense things float more. At the end of the lesson I still didn't get what density and buoyancy were. What their definition is. This connects to the phases of matter, liquid, solid and gas. But this was mostly about gas. What are the phases of matter? How do temp and pressure affect the phases of matter? What is the phase change diagram? What did you learn about phase change? What did you learn about gases? The phases of matter are the different phases that matter can be. The 3 most basic ones are liquid, solid and gas. Changing pressure or changing the temperature can change what form the matter is in. Gas is one of the main forms that matter can be. The molecules in gas move all around and don't stick together giving it no volume. Gas can change to liquid with condensation and it can change to solid with deposition. Solid is another main phase. The molecules are stuck together and cant move giving it volume. Solid can change to liquid with heating and and can change to gas with vaporization. Liquid is the last main phase. The molecules are together but can slide past each other giving it volume but the ability to form any shape. All of these are shown on the phase change diagram. The phase change diagram shows that each of phases can turn into a different phase. Like gas turning to liquid or liquid turning to solid. It also shows that temperature and pressure can change the phase depending on how high or low they are. Having a high temperature and low pressure is usually gas, having high pressure and low temperature is usually a solid and having an average of temperature and pressure is usually liquid. What is light?Light is energy. It is made up of wave lengths which is the distance between each wave. There are short waves and longs waves and the long ones are more penetrable then the short ones. Light is mapped out on the electromagnetic spectrum which is a table to organize everything we have found about it so far. Some of the light you cant see, like IF or gamma rays while others like the rainbow colors you can.
Questions I have: What is a wave? I dont understand the atom part and the electrons moving shells. Why is a long wave more penetrable then short ones? What does it mean to be more penetrable? Balloon ExperimentWe created hydrogen balloons by putting magnesium and citric acid with water. The 3 of them mixed release hydrogen. Then we lit the balloons on fire. Write a hypothesis that explains what happened when we burned our balloons: I think that the balloon blew up because it was filled with hydrogen and had a lot of pressure that caused to immediately blow up. New hypothesis: I think that the balloon's that were filled with hydrogen lit on fire and blew up because: in order to have a combustion you need fuel, an oxidizer and, a ignition stimulus. An oxidizer is required because the fuel needs it to burn. The fuel is something that burns to create heat. It can be liquid, solid, or gas form, like the hydrogen. The ignition stimulus, I think, is the what powers it up, for example the candle lit the balloon, making it blow up. The different parts came together and made the balloon blow up.The hydrogen in the balloon was the fuel, the oxygen was the oxidizer and, the candle was ignition stimulus. When all of these combine, it creates a combustion. In order to have a combustion three things need to be there: Fuel, Oxidizer, Ignition stimulus.
Fuel can be liquid solid or gas. Q: What is oxidizer and why is it important in combustion? Combustion is used to convert chemical energy to thermal energy. Q: What is chemical energy compared to thermal energy? Combustion is approximately used for 85 percent of the worlds energy but because we don't know that much about it, it can be a hazard to health. Q: What is microgravity combustion? Combustion mostly produces hot gas. Smoke detectors in microgravity environments are designed differently then smoke detectors in other places because regular smoke detectors cant detect soot particles created in microgravity environments. Engineers have designed a device to help minimize air pollution while allowing natural gas applications to work. There has been many devices made to help control gas that will effect the air pollution. Q: What is premixed gas flames? Q: What changes when you mix the materials to create a combustion in a certain way? Coal dust can cause mine explosions. Fuel dust clouds settle quickly making it hard to study. Q:What is 1g? How would you describe what "science" is?To me "science" is learning and exploring and finding out more about the world in ways like experimenting and studying. It is finding unknown things and learning more about new things. Science is also math and writing and many other skills that help people understand more about the world. What is a hypothesis , and why would you make one?A hypothesis, is a idea or educated guess that is based off of facts but is later tested with experiments or study. We make hypotheses to understand what we need to learn about and what we need to do for it. It is important because it helps us understand the question being asked. Update: How would you describe what science is? I think that science is learing and exploring the world, the universe, and beyond and finding new things that help explain what we dont know. I think science is finding new things and more about old discoveries. It is being open minded about new things but also testing and expermenting to prove things write or wrong. Science is combining all skills to come up with answer that helps explain new and unknown things.
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AuthorI am in 9th grade and go to HTH |